Quilting - Foxes in the Poetry of Lucille Clifton Essay example -- Bio

Quilting - Foxes in the Poetry of Lucille Clifton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In 1942 Virginia Woolf read a paper to the Women’s Service League about "The Angel in the House." For Woolf, this "Angel" represented the voice in the back of the mind of a woman that was saying, "Never let anybody guess that you have a mind of your own" (1346). During Woolf’s time a woman was not supposed to write critically. Rather, a woman was supposed to "be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use all the arts and wiles of her sex." Woolf writes of the need to "kill" this angel. She says, "Had I not killed her, she would have killed me" (1346). Thankfully today it is no longer considered improper for a woman to write critically and truthfully, but Lucille Clifton has her own "angel to kill" in some of her poetry. Clifton is a woman artist who uses her past experiences and those of her ancestors to write her poetry. Clifton uses the ideas of light and foxes to convey the joy she finds in being a woman poet, as well as the fear that an artist sometimes feels when first struck with an idea for a poem. The poems "telling our stories" and "the coming of fox" reveal the feelings of fear an artist may have when creating a work. In "telling our stories" Clifton compares a fox to a poet: the fox came every evening to my door asking for nothing. my fear trapped me inside, hoping to dismiss her but she sat till morning, waiting. at dawn we would, each of us, rise from our haunches, look through the glass then walk away. did she gather her village around her and sing of the hairless moon face, the trembling snout, the ignorant eyes? child, i tell you now it was not the animal blood i was hiding from, it was the poet in her, the poet and the terrib... ...ht some "terrible stories." By bringing to light these "terrible stories" a poet in effect slays the "angels" that kept her from writing. Every author has his/her own "angel" to slay. Lucille Clifton sees past the fear she has about what she might write about using her gift of poetry to "slay her angel." Works Cited Clifton, Lucille. Good Woman: Poems and a Memoir: 1969-1980. Rochester, NY: BOA, 1987. ---. Quilting: Poems 1987-1990. Rochester, NY: BOA, 1991. ---. The Terrible Stories. Brockport, NY: BOA, 1996. Rushing, Andrea Benton. "Lucille Clifton: A Changing Voice for Changing Times." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Inc, 1991. 79-81. Woolf, Virginia. "Professions for Women." The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women. Ed. Sandra M. Gilbert and S. Gubar. New York, NY: Norton, 1996. 1345-48.   

Comparing the ‘Club 18-30’, ‘Superfamily’ and ‘Forever Young’ brochures

Media is the means of communicating news and information to the public via printed and visual media. In contemporary society printed media has become an essential way to advertise a product to its target audience, as it is a cheap and accessible form of communication. Furthermore, examples of printed media can be seen in many different ways as they are varied forms such as leaflets, newspapers and brochures. For this particular piece of coursework I will be comparing the ‘Club 18-30', ‘Superfamily' and ‘Forever Young' brochures and seeing how they attract their target audience by using various linguistic and presentation devices. The Club 18-30 brochure appears to be aimed towards a younger and more outgoing audience who are partygoers. This can be seen through its choice of layout and organization. Although its layout might appear rushed and erratic to the older and untargeted section of society, it actually provides the younger generation with all the qualities needed in a good club brochure. The layout and organization can also be seen to be enticing as it engages the younger audience because of its simplistic form. However through the choice of layout and organization of the ‘Superfamily' brochure the audience immediately realises that the brochure's target audience is families with young children as shown by the childish qualities of the presentation: bubbles, distinctive colours etc. The layout and organisation of the Superfamily brochure is different to the others as it is clearly trying to lure children and their parents to read the brochure. Furthermore, the ‘Forever Young' brochure identifies its target audience, which appears to be mature sophisticated adults. This is shown through the layout and organization of the brochure, as it is well structured and organised. The brochure appeals to this specific type of audience since mature reserved adults are not interested in a humorous brochure as they care not for the brochure's appearance, this is shown in the brochure's text layout and organisation as most young people in a contemporary society will find the brochure dull and tiresome. The use of presentational devices in the Club 18-30 brochure reinforces the sense of reliability and authenticity, as shown by the logo of the brochure, which informs the audience that the club is an established company. Furthermore the logo specifies its target audience and uses eye-catching colours, red and yellow, reflecting the sun to entice the reader to continue reading the brochure and display the enjoyment many experience at the resort in order for people travel to the resort so they can participate in the excitement. Equally the picture succeeds in attracting its the target audience in a similar way as it enhances the sense of reliability and enjoyment, which is shown by the way the people in the picture are presented as enjoying themselves. Sub headings are also used to empathise with the audience and deal with essential questions but can be slightly abrupt by reflecting the demanding attitude of many young people. Furthermore the Superfamily brochure appeals to its target audience with its use of presentational devices such as; the irregular shape of its picture, which develops the child theme of the brochure as it is something interesting to a child would enjoy. The central, socialising picture, also illustrates the lively yet relaxed social scene for all the family and focuses on the more relevant aspects of the holiday for a family holiday, such as the accommodation, which clearly guides the reader suggesting it is a comfortable and secure environment for young children. On top of this, bullet points and sub-headings are effectively combined to summarise key points of the holiday and focuses the reader on essential information as parents need this useful information to organise their holiday so that they may feel that their children are being catered for. Additionally the use of presentational devices in the Forever young brochure enhances the quality and sophistication of the brochure, as devices such as bullet points and sub-headings are used to organise and structure the most useful information and present it in an informative way. The two pictures in the brochure also illustrate the accommodation but balance it with interesting educational places to visit on the holiday. This is done in a controlled manner, as the brochure seems to be aimed more towards mature sophisticated adults who would expect formality and professionalism. The ‘Club 18-30' brochure employs the use of informal language to engage its target audience as this type of language appeals to the youthful generation in the contemporary society. The line ‘you will need a fair bit of wedge because there's so much to do' demonstrates the writer desire to relate with younger people on an informal relaxed level, which helps the reader engage his audience because of its simplicity. Abbreviations like ‘Fab' and ‘Med' are used in the brochure to further empathise with the youthful audience and to manipulate them not to lose interest, as the brochure uses informal language they understand but mature adult would be less comfortable with, which confirms how ‘friendly' the writer to be towards young people, as obviously this is a device used to persuade and encourage young people to spend their hard earned money at the club. Further use of informal language can be seen in the line ‘enough to keep even the most hardened party animals happy' which challenges the reader and cleverly influences them to go to the club. Factual language can also be seen in the brochure but it is not excessive preferring to engage young people with informal and more evocative language compared to factual. However the Super family brochure takes a different approach compared to the Club 18-30, as the brochure is aimed towards families with young children. This is shown in the line ‘It has a beautiful one kilometre long beach of gentle-shelving white sand' where the brochure employs the use of emotive and factual language, which appeals to a wider audience rather than the expected target audience. The activities also listed in the first paragraph ‘Water sports are available, as well as tennis, go-karting and cycling' attractive active and out going people who are energetic. The brochure also empathises with audience in the line ‘No need to agonise over a menu' which inform the audience that their holiday will be taken care for them and illustrates a relaxed, calm, comfortable scene as many parents wish to do this on their holiday. The line ‘There are plenty of family activities' evokes a sense of security to the parents as they know what will be available for them to do on there holiday. The linguistic devices used to entice mature adults in the Forever young brochure vary from; factual language in the line ‘It is the largest of the Balearies' which is used to give a factual representation of the holiday, to emotive language in the line ‘an island of incredible beauty' to evoke a sense of anticipation for the holiday. The consolidating options in the line ‘it need never be the same resort twice' along with the emotive word ‘abundance' emphasises the numerous activities available in the resort and the variety available to the people on holiday. The simple sentence ‘Quite simple it has something for everyone' empathises with the audience and their needs, at the same time as informing the audience of the quality of the holiday. Through my analysis of the three brochures and their use of presentational and linguistic devices they can be seen to have engaged their targeted audiences effectively; as the brochures employ the use of formal, informal and emotive language to entice their targeted audience to the holidays the brochures are advertising. Furthermore, I can clearly announce that the brochures have achieved their fundamental purpose, as I have identified their targeted audience and empathised with them to get a clear understanding of the brochures are trying to convey.

Red Bull Marketing Strategy Essay

Business Unit 3 Marketing Of ‘Red bull’ Introduction As part of my marketing assignment, I will be looking at the marketing of a consumer product or service. Therefore, my chosen product is ‘Red bull’, which is an energy drink. I have assumed that my product is targeted at people that have similar situations to the ones used in advertisements for red bull. I will be looking to spot if the strategy used is based on the principles of marketing: O Understanding consumer wants: to become successful, it is vital for a business to understand the wants and needs of its target audience. For example the needs and wants of a target audience for a high street retail store depend upon the age, style and income of its customers. O Understanding and keeping ahead of competition: businesses must consider their competitive markets as well as the products and prices provided by their competition in order to gain customers and provide a better standard of services and goods than other companies. This can be done through devising strong, different marketing strategies and by selling a product that is unique and efficient. O Communicate effectively with its customers to satisfy customer expectations: communication with customers is vital for a business to understand the wants and needs of their customers. A good relationship must be continuously created between a business and its customers to maximise its success. O Co-ordinate its functions to achieve marketing aims: co-ordination of functions is key to efficiency and therefore success. To maximise the success of a business, all of its marketing aims should be met. O Be aware of constraints on marketing activities. I will be also looking at the external impact on the marketing decisions, how the appropriate strategy is decided upon and how they are developed in order to meet consumer needs and the reliability of the different marketing models. â€Å"Red bull comes in two types, original and sugar free. This can be purchased at ? 1. 15 for 150ml† Features of Business Marketing†¦ O Consumers are of vital importance. Red bull has a far greater chance of being a success if it satisfies consumers’ needs. Marketing must be aimed at finding out what these needs are and making sure that Red bull meets it requirements. O Marketing is a business philosophy; it is not just a series of activities such as advertising or selling, but more a way of thinking about how to satisfy the consumers’ needs. O Marketing affects all aspects of a business. A production department would not continue making a product that does not satisfy the needs of the consumer at whom it is aimed. O Marketing is not just about selling. Selling is only one part of the marketing process. Before selling Red bull, they must carry out market research. O Marketing and advertising are not the same; advertising is just one of a number of tactics used by marketing departments. O Many businesses regard profit making as their main objective. Firms in competitive markets must make a profit in the long run to survive. Marketing must therefore satisfy their customers wants profitably. O Marketing involves building relationships with the customers of Red bull; profitable businesses are often built upon good customer relations. This may be dealing with their complaints in a careful and considerate manner. O Marketing is a process that is on going all the time, it does not have a start or an end as you can see below. Red bull must be prepared to respond to the changes that take place. The marketing process†¦ Red Bull – Gathering Market Information†¦ AO1 My reason for choosing Red Bull is because the drink has become incredibly successful at a very competitive advice. By choosing Red Bull I will find out what marketing strategies has made Red Bull so successful. What is Red Bull? Red Bull started off as an energy drink that stimulates mind and body. After becoming an international icon, Red Bull went on to sponsor extreme sports such as F1, sailing, surfing, bmx-ing, and many other extreme sports. Red Bull is a non-alcoholic drink with key ingredients, which have a proven revitalising effect on mind and body. Red Bull is a functional energy drink and therefore unjustly classified among the soft drinks. The Red Bull effect results from a combination of two natural substances and vital metabolic transmitters – the amino acids taurine and glucuronolactone – with stimulating caffeine, vitamins and carbohydrates. The effectiveness of Red Bull has been proven by a large number of scientific studies. Its function is not to quench thirst, but to improve endurance and alertness, to increase feelings of well being, to support the metabolism in short: to stimulate body and mind. The History In 1982, Dietrich Mateschitz came up with the idea of marketing energy Drinks, which were then already quite widespread in Southeast Asia while sitting in the bar at the Mandarin Hotel in Hong Kong. In 1984, Mateschitz founded the company known as Red Bull. In 1987, he started selling the energy drink Red Bull on the Austrian market. Red Bull got off the ground in no time, giving people ‘wiiings’ right from the start. In 1992, Red Bull touched down in its first foreign market, Hungary and in 1995 it was launched in the UK, which is now one of its largest markets.

Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages Essay

To summarize this article is basically showing the identity development from a lifespan perspective. This article discusses the different developmental stages from childhood stages until the adulthood stages. In order to better investigate or research these stages they make use of Erik Erikson’s psychological theory to do so. After researchers did the studies they found different patterns of psychosocial balance which were found for each identity style with largely consistent findings. Included in this article are the research findings from empirical studies. It seemed for many individuals identity development is a lifelong process that ranges well past the years of adolescence. Summary of the Theory The person identified with this theory is Erik Erikson. Erikson’s psychosocial theory is composed of eight developmental stages which span throughout the course of life. Each stage presents the individual with a natural task or conflict that they must successfully resolve to proceed with development. He placed a great emphasis on sociocultural factors because he believed these strongly influenced developments. Erikson believed that childhood identification is the foundation for identity formation in adolescence. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity, (ego identity develop through social interaction). The concept of this theory emphasizes that humans continue to change and develop throughout their lives and that personality is not exclusively formed during the early childhood years. This idea is helpful and optimistic and many believe it is too realistic. According to Erikson our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and our daily interactions with others. This concept was very powerful for self-awareness and improvement, and for teaching and helping others. Erikson’s model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a series of lessons and challenges which helps us to grow. Erikson’s wonderful theory helps to tell us why. This theory is very helpful for child development and adults too. Erikson believed that his psychosocial principle is genetically inevitable in shaping (mind) and social (relationships). HE also referred to his theory as â€Å"epigenesist† and the â€Å"epigenetic principle,† which signified the concepts relevance to  evolution (past and future) and genetics. Erikson explained his use of the word â€Å"epigenesist† thus â€Å"epi† can mean above in space as before in time, and in connection with genesis can well represent the space- time nature of all development. Like other seminal concepts, Erikson’s model is simple yet very sophisticated. The theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and the analysis of personality and behavior, and also for understanding and for facilitating personal development- of self and others. Although Erikson’s theory provides useful information, there is some limitations with his theory. For instance his theory does not suit when explaining different types of personality differences that exist among individuals. Such personality differences are listed in the 5 factor model of personality: extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. Personality differences can affect the outcome solving psychosocial crisis. Critical Analysis of the Articles Use of the Theory The theory was used to explain the life span of human beings life over the course of childhood to adulthood. The theory was very suitable for this article because it helps to explain human behavior. Those eight stages of the psychosocial theory explain how identity is formed. The theory also clarify that the ego as well as internal and external motives determine individual’s behavior. The theory also helps to explain that role confusion can lead to a very different human experience and it causes the individual to question one’s personality. In the article the theory was used to help individuals understand that identity is a major part of one’s self. However, if an individual does not master in these psychosocial phases, then there is a conflict with one’s identity and interferes with the development of the person. Research shows that identity development continues to be an ongoing process throughout adulthood. The process of forming an identity involves creating a logical sense of self. The theory also helps to understand that childhood experiences are the most intellectual, articulate, and prominent times of a person’s life. I think there’s a relationship between our theory and article because the theory we were assigned focuses on Cycle social. This theory argues that events and stages of society and history are generally repeating themselves in cycles. In our article it discussed Erikson’s Developmental stages and how they were effective from childhood to  adulthood. After reading our article and better understanding Erikson’s theory it all makes sense. Each developmental stage is used in order to allow one to grow with each age. Erikson was keen on improving the way children and young people are taught and nurtured, and it would be appropriate for his ideas to be more widely known and used in day-to-day life, beyond the clinical and counseling professions. I evaluated that this theory ties into my article perfectly because the cycle social theory is basically about the cycle we go through in order to change and grow as humans. The article discussed each psychosocial stage that Erikson came up with while doing his research.

The Anti Slavery Movement In Britain in Birmingham Coursework

The Anti Slavery Movement In Britain in Birmingham - Coursework Example This is because of the fact that though Britain was one of the most influential and prosperous nations in this regard, other nations were no les behind. The practice of slave trade was rather a tricky affair and the basis of such trade was 'need'. Ships from ports such as Liverpool and Bristol used to head towards the backward African mainland laden with small goods such as spices, fabrics, arms and knives etc. things were by far petty and simple for the white man, but something that was of extreme value and demand to the African people. This is because these were some of the many things that the African were deprived of in those days given their backwardness. More often, such goods used to be of very cheap quality, for which Africa proved to be a lucrative 'dump'. As the topic of the essay ges to say, the anti slavery movement has an important association with Britain, and among these, the city of Birmingham has come to hold an important place. Most of these low quality and sub-standard goods were made in Birmingham and were popularly referred to as 'Brummagem ware'. In return for these goods, the African people had to pay the heaviest price they could have ever thought of-'themselves'. Goods were exchanged for large number of African people, who were then brought back or taken to other territories, where they were either sold of slaves or made to do hard work in the form of slaves in those territories. Many of them were captured in armed conflicts with the Europeans winning all of them given the kind of firearms they possessed in comparison to the bows and arrows, wherein the former outclassed the latter.After having been captured or being brought in as part of the trade, these people were then packed like sardines into these slave ships and were brought home to Britain in such inhuman and inhospitable conditions that many of them would perish midway. The conditions were so worse that they would not have the opportunity t o do even the commonest of other daily activities (as they were jam-packed), which resulted in the outbreak of disease. By the turn of the eighteenth century, the trade of slaves had risen to such terrific proportions that ships from Britain were now bringing back as many as 50,000 slaves every year. Those slaves who managed to survive through all the above-mentioned hardships were then sold for transportation to places such as the windies or the America to work in plantations, factories, mills etc1. The goods produced by the slaves within those regions would then come back to Britain, where they were then sold or sold in the colonies for exorbitant prices. Thu, it can be understood that the practice of slave trade profited Britain in particular, and the countries of Europe in general have benefited in huge ways by making huge profits on many trade-related fronts. On the other hand, the slaves who labored hard were made to live and work in inhospitable conditions ridden with poverty and disease. Thus, their fruits of labor were enjoyed by the people back in Britain (and Europe). Moreover, there was no sense of knowledge within the British public largely about the conditions that existed in these plantations and factories, while many just did not bother to know any2.But, as time passed by and decades rolled past, a sense of consciousness began to emerge

Explain the process for planning and evaluating work-family programs Essay

Explain the process for planning and evaluating work-family programs - Essay Example Prior understanding of the preceded discussion clearly necessitates efficient planning and evaluation of work-family programs. It is imperative to understand that children are the future of tomorrow and whos emotional, physical, and mental wellbeing depends on the care given by the parent. Planning and evaluation of work-family programs requires a survey among workers in all sectors. Information from the survey will enable the relevant bodies create a program that enables the employees who, in this case, are the parents to take care of family matters and have family time. Evaluation of such a program can be achieved through analysis of statistics in daycare and other care services. Also, the productivity of employees can be a good method to evaluate the programs (Poelmans,  2005). Better solution of the situation can be achieved through companies adopting measures to ensure better-working environment for the employees. Companies should be able to enact programs and strategies such as enough maternity leave period to allow a mother to take care of the infant. Care given to an infant is important as it is a foundation to the wellbeing of the individual concerned. Also, companies should review working conditions, hours, and workloads of the employees. Provision of a better situation would ensure parents get enough time and strength to spend and watch over their kids. Furthermore, enough rest would enhance in increased productivity of the employees with families. In conclusion, it is imperative for companies inclusive of private and public companies to review working conditions of the employees in general bearing in mind they have other responsibilities. Quick solution to the quagmire can be having a day care service in a company whereby kids to the parent employees are taken care of as they work. Having ones child close provides the peace of heart increasing

Taxation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taxation - Assignment Example These two systems worked independently in the past and the tax authorities maintained separate tax systems for income tax and national insurance contributions. Income tax was taxed annually in a progressive manner on individuals and corporate bodies whereby low income earners were taxed lower than high income earners (UK Government, 2012). The tax rates increased with increase in incomes of individuals. On the other hand, benefits are payments to individuals by the state. They are paid to individuals through the bank, credit union account or building societies. If one does not have any of these accounts, he/she may be paid through Post Office card account. There are various types of benefits in UK. Attendance allowance is a tax-free benefit paid to individuals of over 65 years who are mentally or physically handicapped. Two rates of up to ?71.40 are payable per week. Carer’s allowance is payable weekly in advance or every 4 or 13 weeks. Child benefit is a universal claim by pa rents for their children (BBC News, 2012). They are paid after every four weeks in normal situations and weekly for single parents. Tax credit is also paid weekly or after every four weeks, to families with children, whether the parents work or not. Disability living allowance is is a tax-free benefit payable after every 4 weeks to disabled people who have walking difficulties and who need someone to help them walk. Other types of benefits include crisis loans, council tax benefits, community grant care, child trust fund, etc. 2. Description of the proposed recommendation The proposed recommendation requires the integration of income tax with benefit systems. To achieve this, the UK tax system first needs to merge income tax and National insurance. These are two different ways in which income tax are paid in UK. Maintaining the two types of tax systems may be costly, less transparent and burdensome. Integrating the two systems will therefore bring forth an easier method of paying in come tax in UK. The integration of income tax with National insurance contribution makes it more transparent for the tax system. The progressive taxation in UK includes 20% basic rate, 40% higher rate and 50% additional rate of income tax (Mirrlees et al, 2012). If this income tax is integrated with National Insurance Contribution, the new rates may be 31%, 41% and 51% respectively. This is a more transparent mechanism which enables individuals to pay for their taxes more easily at once rather than maintaining two separate tax accounts. The second step in the integration of benefit and tax systems is the integration of the benefit system. In this case, the benefit and tax credit systems are merged together. This is a messy and complicated mix of overlapping programmes. The programmes which need to be include programmes needed to provide support for low-income families and benefits provided to give non-means-tested support for various contingencies. The former class of programmes inc ludes job-seekers allowance, income support, housing benefit, pension credit, child tax credit and council tax benefit. On the other hand, benefits for non-means-tested support for contingencies include state pension, disability allowance, carer’s allowance, winter fuel payment etc (Mirrlees et al, 2012). Because several families claim these benefits simultaneously, it is necessary to integrate the two systems into one manageable system. The recommended system